In a fire pump setup, what is the significance of the 5% volume for sump?

The significance of the 5% volume for the sump in a fire pump setup is primarily to allow for the expansion of fuel. In liquid systems, particularly those involving fuels, the temperature can vary, leading to changes in volume. When fuel heats up, it expands, and if there is insufficient space to accommodate this expansion, it can lead to pressure build-up and possible system failure or spills.

By incorporating a 5% volume reserve in the sump, the design ensures that there is adequate capacity to accommodate fuel expansion during temperature fluctuations, maintaining system integrity and safety. This practice is a crucial aspect of managing the dynamics of liquid behavior in fire pump applications, ensuring optimal performance and reliability of the system during emergency scenarios.